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April 17, 2025
Les erreurs stupides
Hier, j'ai écrit un ou deux posts. Aujourd'hui, j'ai vu tous mes erreurs. Je suis déçu en moi parce que j'ai fait des erreurs stupides. Je sais la plupart des concepts j'ai fait des erreurs sur. C'est diffacile pour moi pour faire face à avoir tort, mais j'essaye devenir mieux que moi maintenant sur me sentir déçu. Pour éviter faire des erreurs stupids, je vais lire mes posts avant je publie eux. Je veux apprécier le commentaire sans me sentir fâché.
April 17, 2025
Curriculum design
Curriculum design is the cornerstone to drive educational change. Effective curriculum requires planning to achieve institutional goals and contributes to the whole community eventually. Tyler, Bruner, and Wheeler models posit essential components to be included in designing curriculum. Each model has its own perspective and shortcomings.
The Tyler Model addresses curriculum planning in a linear, structured way. It is known for its backward planning because it defines measurable outcomes at the very beginning of the planning, known as a behavioral model. This model has several components. Content and teaching strategies align with these objectives, while periodic assessments measure achievement. Finally, evaluation comes to help both teachers and students to assess if the objectives are achieved. In many traditional schools, the Tyler Model is applied. For instance, in an English curriculum, setting objectives includes students being able to use specific vocabulary and grammatical structures; to talk about their daily routine using relevant verbs and present simple tense correctly. However, it lacks other important components, such as learner diversity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Not to forget how it over focuses on outcomes, which makes it inflexible and, consequently, ignores learner-centered experiences. (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2018).
Both the Tyler and the Wheeler models share components, like the structured approach to curriculum design, objectives, content selection, aligned strategies, and evaluation. However, Wheeler focuses on continuous feedback, material selection, teacher training, and supervision. Importantly, alignment among all these components is stressed. The Wheeler Model is commonly applied in Business English courses, such as freelancing Business English courses. First, teachers define the topics to cover in the course. The material then is developed according to freelancers’ needs and real-life tasks. Teachers constantly adapt the course topics and tasks to the markets’ demands. Teachers gather feedback from students through surveys to get a better idea of challenges students face. Therefore, teachers receive ongoing coaching to remain updated and use strategies that best work for students. (European Journal of Social Sciences, 2019)
Whereas Bruner’s constructivist model emphasizes learners actively building knowledge through discovery. Its spiral approach works on increasing the depth and complexity of content as students achieve understanding over time. Bruner presents knowledge in different ways. Bruner introduces three modes of learning: enactive (action-based), iconic (visual), and symbolic (language-based). It puts into consideration culture and storytelling to engage learners. Bruner understands the importance of storytelling in learning to engage students. In English class, students may play roles at a restaurant to practice key expressions. After peer feedback, the teacher provides feedback to the whole class to work on students’ mistakes and struggles without placing pressure on students` mistakes. However, it requires highly skilled teachers, time, and resources to achieve active learning. That’s why it cannot be applied in all subjects easily. (Neurolaunch, 2024)
Each of these models has its strengths and weaknesses, and stakeholders—educators, administrators, and curriculum specialists—try to use each model's strengths and tailor them to the institutional goals and students' needs.
April 17, 2025
Strategic planning for educational institution
Strategic planning is the long-term direction an educational institution takes to reach its desired objectives. The direction is guided through main factors, such as deliberate and logical action, consistent supervision and resources. It also aligns institutional objectives with mission, vision and values.
According to Harvard University's Cynthia Montgomery, the core element of strategic planning is to clearly define the objectives of the institution. Objectives are the specific outcomes a school wants to achieve. SMART Framework (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) ensures that objectives are clear and actionable, making it easier to track progress and make necessary adjustments. In a school setting, leaders identify and address students' challenges and needs to prepare them for international competition. Consequently, leaders develop a designated system to meet these needs. Professional development programs for teachers fill these gaps. Planning also encourages leaders to think how they can make a difference and identify their audience. Therefore, curriculum adjustments are to be tailored not only to meet the international standards of quality education, but also to address students’ needs and geographical location. Leaders define the school’s mission, establish a vision and clarify values to guide actions. A useful framework schools can use to assess their current situation and make informed decisions is the SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). It helps schools identify their strengths and opportunities to build on them while addressing weaknesses and preventing potential threats. (Johnson et al., 2017)
In a non-native English-speaking country, schools face obstacles in teaching English effectively due to test-based teaching and psychological barriers. However, following systematic strategic planning conquers these challenges. The first step is to conduct an English placement test. Second, teachers observe students’ psychological barriers while using the language, such as fear of making mistakes and lack of confidence. Assessing students’ strengths and interests helps select effective teaching methods. Leaders support teachers by providing specialized training to implement the necessary methodology in the classroom. Leaders maintain consistent supervision to ensure alignment between the school's mission, vision, and objectives. The administration can also invest in language labs and cultural field trips for immersive language experience. Such planning ensures that both students and teachers have the necessary resources and support to succeed in language learning. A SWOT analysis may show the weaknesses in the school system such as the rare use of authentic materials and practical language activities. Students’ interest in English content on TikTok is an opportunity. To address these weaknesses and obstacles, the SMART framework can be used to define school’s objectives effectively. For instance, teachers set a monthly goal for students to speak only English for 20 minutes per class. Discussions on current TikTok trends can be beneficial.
In conclusion, strategic planning provides a roadmap for achieving institutional goals while aligning with the school's mission and vision. By conducting thorough assessments, addressing professional development needs, and implementing actionable steps—such as SWOT analysis and SMART goal-setting—schools can create an effective learning environment that fosters growth and success for both students and educators.
April 17, 2025
I need to correct this urgent academic essay for a diploma.
Contingency theory proposes that leadership is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Leadership should not be predetermined by universal or inherent qualities. Understanding the complexity of human behavior is of interest because leadership is primarily driven by people. This theory considers situational factors, task structure, followers’ backgrounds, needs, and environment. Therefore, this article argues that contingency theory is the most comprehensive framework to use in leadership positions. A prime example of this argument is the prime minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamed. His trajectory presents adaptation to the requirements of the situation.
Contingency leadership style appeared as a response to trait and behavioral styles, which suggested that certain traits define effective leaders. However, Fred Fiedler believed that leadership effectiveness depends on how the leader tackles the situation at hand. Fiedler also categorized leaders as either task-oriented or relationship-oriented, depending on the leader’s focus (Northouse, 2021). He suggests that the degree of effective leadership is determined by several factors such as control and influence that the leader has in a particular situation. In addition to the level of support and cooperation from team members. For example, Zigarmi and Roberts (2017) reported that when leaders change their style based on followers’ needs, it is positively related to job affect, trust, and favorable work intentions.
This theory is illustrated effectively through Mahathir Mohamad, the Prime Minister of Malaysia. He used contingency theory throughout his leadership career. In the 1980s and 1990s, he adapted a transformational style to push Malaysia towards a transition from overdependence on the west to coalition with the east. Consequently, he initiated a move called east policy. He took advantage of his country`s strength points and identity to build strong ties with more advanced countries that share his country’s culture and values. In 1997, he shifted to an authoritarian style to address the financial crisis that led to an economic collapse. He rejected the IMF conditions and imposed capital controls. Even though other countries resorted to these trends. He took bold moves but eventually Malaysia recovered faster than the other neighboring countries. In 2010, when he returned as Prime Minister at the age of 92, he decided to ally with his former rival, Anwar Ibrahim. This demonstrated a collaborative style when it came to the country’s benefit. The shift between leadership styles shows explicitly how Mahathir constantly recognizes his country, and people’s needs and changed his leadership style accordingly.
By and large, Mahathir Mohamad differentiated between leadership theories to address the tasks and the situations in place. He demonstrated authoritarian leadership during a crisis, collaboration during political shifts, and transformational leadership during change. His legacy underscores the key aspect of this theory that there is no single best way to lead. Leadership style should be adapted according to the situational demands.
April 17, 2025
April 17, 2025
Si on veut, on peut
Sun Tzu dirait "Tout le monde voit mes tactiques d'attaque, mais personne ne voit la stratégie qui a mené à la victoire.", c'est à dire comprendre un plan ne veut pas dire qu'on puisse l'appliquer. C'est une question de la rythme, de l'environment et des individus. Les gens ont la tendance de simplifier le succéss de quelqu'un la plus commun réaction et d'appeller la personne une génie. Pour certaines personne c'est une sorte d'insulte car il indiqué que la personne aurait réussir à cause d'un talent inné et pas à cause des éfforts qui on fait. Je les comprends travailler dur et facile à dire mais difficile à faire surtout dans cette période où la majorité des gens sont préoccuper avec leurs appareilles. La prochaine fois quand on voit quelqu'un qui a reussi on ne devrait pas l'accusser hativement ou encore mieux le laisser vivre. Le succéss ou la perte de quelqu'un n'a aucune effet sur nous sauf si on le permet. Si on n'est pas satisfié avec nous mêmes on a toujours la choix de changer, de nous améliorer c'est une question de mentale rien d'autre. Cherchez les éxcuses n'avancent rien c'est notre corps à nous seule nous même peut nous pousser à changer. Comme dit le dicton "Si on veut, on peut".
April 17, 2025
C'est ainsi que je célèbre la Pâque
Dans cette article, je décrirai comme mon pays et mon famille célèbrent la Pâque, en disant qu'est qu'ils mangent et qu'est qu'ils font.
Dans l'Argentine, les familles se réunissent et déjeunent ensemble, mangeant géneralement du poisson. Nombreuses familles chrétiens vont à la messe de Vendredi et Dimache Saint. Enfin, en Argentine les personnes mangent aussi des oeufs de chocolat, comme partout dans le monde.
Dans mon famille, nous nous réunissons tous les vendredis et dimanches saints pour manger ensemble. Le vendredi saint nous mangeons du poisson comme le saumon. Cependant, le dimanche saint nous mangeons "Asado" qui a beaucoup de viandes rouges. Dans mon famille, nous ne mangeons pas Gâteau de Pâque, mais nous mangeons des oeufs de chocolat, et ils sont délicieux.
En conclusion, les familles dans Argentine partagent des traditions avec la mienne comme l'Asado et les nourritures ensemble, et autres avec tout le monde comme les oeufs de chocolat. À mon vis, la Pâque n'est seulment un fête religieuse, mais aussi un fête pour être en famille et partager du temps ensemble.
April 17, 2025
I need to correct this academic essay for a diploma.
Quality education facilitates student success and overall school effectiveness. Various models of quality education have been developed to maintain the quality of education in institutions. The Resource-Input Model and the Process Model are widely used frameworks. Each model presents opportunities and challenges for educational institutions.
The Resource-Input Model assesses the quality of education in terms of the resources used. This model claims that the following inputs determine the effectiveness of education: classroom setup, textbooks and teaching aids, and access to technology. Human resources are integral input, as all personnel are involved in the educational process. Competent teachers deliver effective education, support staff help along the process, while leaders give guidance and manage this change. This model also claims that using better input leads to better student performance and school outcomes. For instance, integrating technology and advanced teaching aids such as interactive whiteboards and high-speed internet access will help ease the learning process and engage students. (Sukirno, 2008)
A major challenge in implementing the Resource-Input Model is the misconception that more resources guarantee better educational outcomes, and that is inaccurate. Many schools, especially those in underprivileged areas, struggle with funding. This model may imply that these schools cannot improve their educational quality. School leaders play a key role here in coming up with creative alternatives. As the required resources are often unavailable, school leaders should know how to budget and maximize the use of free online resources such as Wordwall, Baamboozle,ISLCollective and Busy teacher websites.
In contrast, the Process Model concentrates on how resources are used to enhance the quality of learning and teaching experience. The key components this model follows are: first, designing a curriculum that meets the standards opted for; second, applying student-centered teaching strategies; third, effective assessment practices that identify students' progress; and fourth, competent teachers who aim to improve themselves consistently. This model can be seen in schools that utilize project-based learning and flipped classroom in their classes to foster students `critical thinking and problem-solving skills. (Sukirno, 2008)
One of the main challenges faced is the teachers’ resistance to change. This resistance delays the process of change because of the busy schedules of schools and the number of tasks teachers have to manage. At this point, strong leadership is required to facilitate this process. This can be done through professional development programs and teamwork. Leaders also have to nurture the culture of continuous development. What teachers need the most in this stage is support and transparency from leaders to be able to embrace this change. Consequently, students have active roles in the learning process. Moreover, teachers experience greater professional satisfaction while witnessing improved student performance and engagement.
The Resource-Input Model and the Process Model assess the quality of education from different perspectives. The Resource-Input Model draws attention to the resources used for better learning outcomes, while the Process Model revolves around learning experience and engagement. Regardless of the chosen model, school leaders are responsible for applying them effectively to directly benefit their education and institutional goals.
April 17, 2025
Meine Verlauf nach B2
Fruhlingsferien ist meiner Meinung nach der beste Zeit um lernen. Viele spielen Videospielen oder gehen zum Strand mit ihnen Freunden, aber mein Ziel ist zu B2 erreichen bis das Ende von dieser Ferien, oder mindestens eine gute Basale-Kompetenzen zu bauen. Ich habe manche B1 Bücher gekauft, und ich habe auch schon viele Auftrage und andere Lehrnmittel um das zu unterstützen. Ich habe schwerigkeiten mit der Interpretierung der unterschiedlichen Niveaus. Was ist überhaupt die Unterschied zwischen A1 und A2 ausser dem Resultat eines Tests? Wenn man ein punkt unter der Grenze zwischen beiden Sprachkenntnissen bekommt, man ist sortiert in der total Anfängergruppe trotz er nicht so schlecht ist. Ich finde die Sortierung von ingendwas nach Fixgruppen mit starken Grenzen sinnlos. Trotzdem kämpfe ich um die B2 Niveau zu erreichen, weil es einen guten Meilenstein ist.
April 17, 2025
미리 서울 여행 - Future Seoul trip
최근에 한국어를 많이 공부했어요. 그렇지만, 단어랑 읽기만 공부해서 말이랑 쓰기 잘 못 해요. 그래서 지금 말이랑 쓰기 조금 연습하고 싶어요. 두 주가 한국에 여행할 거예요. 진짜 흥분해요! 저는 많이 만화, 책, 문구하고 케이팦 알븜을 사고 싶어요. BTS, TXT, Enhypen, BOYNEXTDOOR하고 TWS 종아해요. 도착하자마자 편의점에 가고 많이 과자을 살 거예요. 꼬북칩이 최에 좋아해요. 뭐 과자를 최에 좋아해요? 전에 HYBE에 방했지만 또 방하고 싶어요. 아, 서울에 예정을 거예요.
April 17, 2025
The “TH” Sound
In the word “health”, “th” is pronounced as the /θ/ sound. But when I pronounce /θ/ (with the top of my tongue between my upper teeth and lower teeth and forcing the air in my mouth to get through the gaps between the upper teeth and my tongue), it sounds like I am pronouncing the /s/ sound.
Every time I listen to Americans say the word “health”, it sounds like they are pronouncing “th” as the /f/ sound.
When I say “health” with the /θ/ sound for “th”, it is very different from how Americans say it. When I say “th” as the /f/ sound, it sounds almost exactly the same as how Americans say it.
I have recorded my pronunciation and compared it with Americans' many times.
I have been confused.
April 17, 2025
April 17, 2025
История Франции, вторая часть: Средневековье
В течение Средневековья, политическая структура Франции превратилась в феодальную систему. В то время, король Франции управлял только королевским доменом но он мог рассчитывать на многих герцогов, графов и т. д. для помощи. Карл Великий завоевал большую имерию и с распада Западной Римской Империи он был первым королем носить императорский титул. К сожалению его империя была разделена среди их 3 сынов, и западная часть соответствоала большой части современной северной Франции. Среди важных королев, возможно упоминать Карла Мартелла, который победил в битве Пуатие (732) Абда аль-Рахмана, мусульманского завоевателя Испании.
Из вульгарного латинского языка развивались на севере «язык ой» (предок современного французского) и «язык ок» на юге (предок современного окситанцкого языка). Названия «ой» и «ок» нассылаются на слово «да» на этих языках. Бретонцы племена избежали от англосаксонских армией, которые завоевали Великобританию. Они переехали в Арморику (сегодняшнюю Британию) и импртируют кельтский язык, который всё ещё говорится сегодня.
В начале второго тысячелетия французские дворяне (особенно рыцари Ордена Темплиеров) блистали в крестовых походах во святой земле. Филипп II Август (1165-1223) был первы королем использовать титул «король Франции», нет «король франков». Он также был отличной, компетентной главой. В то время, Франция — самая богатая европейская страна и также самая густанаселенная.
Это было время процветание для Франции. Символы этого процветания: прекрасные готические соборы, которые строятся между XII-м и XII-м веками.
После битвы Гастингса, Вильгельм Завоеватель, герцог Нормандии, завоевал Англию и стал королем Англии. В Англии он был королем но во Франии он был вассалом французского короля. Из встречи между кельтскими легендами и нормандскими христианскими учёнными создался цикл о короле Артуре. В северной Франции написалась королевская жеста (истории и легенды о Великом Карле и другими). С XI-ого века развивалась очень изысканная культура с литерарской традицией «куртуазной любви», особенно в южной Франции. По моему мнению, большая часть самой красивой литературы средневековья — поэмы на окситанском южной Франции.
Однако ситуация изменилась в -ом веке из-за эпидемии черной смерти и Столетней Войны...
April 17, 2025
April 17, 2025
Ich möchte dich treffen
Liebe Claudia,
ich würde in 30 Minuten mit meiner Arbeit fertig. Ich möchte dich treffen. Wir haben uns schon lange nicht mehr getroffen. Ich schlage vor, dass wir uns in einem Café um 19 Uhr können treffen. Sag mir bitte, ob es dir passt. Ich freue mich auf deine Antwort.
LG Ishika
April 17, 2025
Ich komme gerne zur Party
Sehr geehrter Herr Franke,
ihre Einladung nehme ich gerne an. Ich würde gerne kommen. Ich möchte etwas zu Ihre Party mitrbringen. Darf ich bitte vielleicht eine Torte mitbringen? Sagen Sir mir Bescheid, ob das passt für Sie. Könnten Sie mir bitte mitteilen, wann die Party anfangen? Ich bedanke mich im Voraus für Ihre Antwort.
Mit freundlichen Grüßen
Ishika
April 17, 2025
Meine Tasche vergessen
Als ich heute vom Zug abgestiegen bin, habe ich bemerkt, dass ich meine zweiten Tasche irgendwo vergessen habe. Sie hat nur zwei Helfen enthalten, aber auf den Heften viele Paßwörter geschrieben waren, weshalb ohne sie es mir sehr lästig sein wird.
Glücklicherweise hat man die Tasche in dem Bahnhof gehalten, wo ich umgestiegen bin.
April 17, 2025
Giovedì 17 aprile
Conto le ore come se fossi una pazza. Il mio turno finisce tra poco. Finalmente vado in ferie da domani, per diversi giorni.
Ho davvero bisogno di una pausa. Il mondo è troppo rumoroso e tutti cercano di fare troppe cose. E io, più di tutto, ho bisogno di fermarmi un attimo.
Mi godrò le ferie, celebrerò il tempo libero che ho e penserò a un futuro migliore.
Sono cambiata. Le ultime settimane sono state le peggiori che abbia vissuto da molto tempo, quindi adesso ho altre priorità.
April 17, 2025
One day of summer, while I was walking on the beach
I was alone one day of last summer. I was walking around the beach and I saw 2 child near the river. I have stopped in front of them and I have asked "who is the older guys of you?"
The guy with the blonde hair has gived me an answer ,he said, "My name's jhon and I'm the older guy then my brother near to me".
Thank you for your quickly response Jhon. After this I preferred no continue the conversation and I started again to walking on the beach.
April 17, 2025
My Miscellaneous Notes
Japanese Shrines are said to have different divine benefits, and by praying at them, you can receive blessings for things like safe childbirth, romantic success, family safety, traffic safety, and warding off misfortune. There's a saying that if you can throw a stone onto a torii gate and have it stay there, good luck will follow but this isn't really recommended because of the danger of falling stones.
Given the widespread outcry over high prices in Japan, the reason for keeping the policy interest rate at 0.5% is that the BOJ cannot raise interest rates due to its own financial situation. I reckon that further interest rate hikes trigger a continuous flow of losses, resulting in the large valuation losses occurring daily and eroding assets because The current BOJ holds more than half of the outstanding long-term Japanese government bonds due to the fact that they have continued to buy deficit Japanese government bonds. Who’s left holding the bag? The answer is pretty open-and-shut to me.
April 17, 2025
April 17, 2025
スポーツを通して人間として成長した経験する可能性
子供にとって、スポーツは一番大切なことの一つです。それは、選手として発達する以外に、人間としても分かるようになることがたくさんあり、一生に続ける絆が作られ可能性があるような気がし、多様なあらゆる人と繋がることができます。それに、健康にいい効果がある違いありません。もちろん、こういう要因だけをもとにしたら、まるでいい経験だけがあるようにが、現実はこの理想的なことと違がいます。そこで、どんなスポーツがしても、辛い経験や悪魔のような人々があります。ですが、正直に言うと、それは成長の経験の一部だと思います。私の視点で、両方を受け入れたら方がいいと感じています。正直に、スポーツを悪くに描くつもりではありませんでした。実際は、先といったように、人間として成長する違いないし、他人と共感できる可能性もあります。それは、人間として、一番大切な特異の一つだと思います。
April 17, 2025
April 17, 2025