Whether the Smartphone Makes Chinese People's Lifeves Better or Not?

You could also make the title, "Does the Smartphone Make Chinese People's Lives Better or Not?"
However, essay titles aren't usually phrased as questions unless the essay is about a controversial or surprising topic. A title written as a question is also a little more casual.

With thAs time progress of the times, more and more people owned smartphones.

It would also be correct to say, "With the progression of time," but "As time progresses," is a phrase that is used often, so it sounds more natural.

It gradually become one of the most important things in our daily life.

When you use the phrase "one of the..." the noun after becomes plural.
You can think of it like, if this thing is "one of" the most important things, then there are also other important things -- that's at least 2 things, so it should be plural!

For example, you can't scan a QR code to pay. (In fact, most of the Chinese is always not to take ready moneypeople do not always take cash when they are going out.) ¶
Of course, I can't negative the advantage of using a smartphone, but I don't think it's really good to let it completely replace the traditional way.

"Cash" is how we refer to paper bills or coins. You could say "physical money" to talk about paper money, coins, and also credit cards.
Sometimes people use the phrase "readily available" to talk about things they are carrying, but since a phone is also readily available, it would be confusing to say in this sentence.

"Negative" is a noun or adjective, so it's not an action you can take. "Negate" is the verbal form of negative.
However, it is clear what you meant and the construction of this sentence is very impressive!

For old people, it may be a challenge to use smartphones well.

You could also say, "...to use a smartphone well."
For some reason, it is considered a bit rude in English to call people "old people," so we say "older people," or "older generations," even though it means the same thing! In casual speech it is still common to say "old people."

For this reason, they can't do things that they could have been done through traditional methods.

The original sentence is grammatically correct, but it is a little confusing because it sounds like they can't do the traditional methods, when actually the point is that they can!

When China has not relaxed the management of the COVID-19 epidemic, we need to scan the QR code called 健康码(health code) if we go somewhere.

When you use "need" with a verb, it is usually "need to" + verb.

Once I tried to go out without my smartphone, but I couldn't enter the supermarket because they asked me to scan the health code.

Since there are 2 things that happen in this sentence (1. you go out, and 2. you can't enter the supermarket) there needs to be something connecting the two things. This helps the reader understand exactly how two events are related.
You could also say "Once I tried to go out without my smartphone and I couldn't enter..." The difference is that "but I couldn't enter" tells the reader you were surprised when it happened.

Although I don't know if there ist any better way than the health code, I was sad.

I think this is a typo :)

By the way, at that time, I have avoided some scams related to scanning codes.

When you are talking about a specific time ("at _that_ time"), use regular past tense verbs.
You could also say, "By the way, I have avoided some scams..." because you are talking about a non-specific time.

And there are more and more things which have to be thought about further.

Usually, "thought" is used as "thought about <x>," unless you are writing out a specific thought that someone had.
For example, you could say "I thought about my job." Or you could say "I thought my job was not paying me enough," because I was thinking in my head "my job is not paying me enough!"

Whether the Smartphone Makes the Chinese People's Lifeves Better or Not?

With the progress of the times, more and more people owned smartphones.

It gradually becoame one of the most important things in our daily life.

For example, you can't scan QR codes to pay. (In fact, most of the Chinese is always not to take readynever take money when they are goingo out.) ¶
Of course I can't negative the advantage of using a smartphone, but I don't think it reallyis good to let it completely replace the traditional way.

For old people, it may be a challenge to use smartphones well.

When China has not relaxedcontinued to enforce the management of the COVID-19 epidemic, we needed to scan thea QR code called 健康码(health code) if we go somewhere.

Once I tried to gogoing out without my smartphone, but I couldn't enter the supermarket because they asked me to scan the health code.

Although I don't know if there ist any better way to stop the spread of COVID than the health code, but I was still sad.

By the way, at that time, I have avoided some scams related to scanning codes.

They would ask you to scan their QR code and say that you won the jackpot, but you need pay a certain handling fee.

(Okay, everything has two sides. There are benefits to not carrying a smartphone.) ¶
All in all, this is a rapidly developing era.

And there are more and more things which have to be thought about further.