Traffic congestion is a pressing issue in urban areas worldwide, that leadings to longincreased travel times, air pollution, and overall reduced quality of life.

'Long' is fine.
'increased / reduced' suggested for a stylish contrast

To tackle/address this problem, some suggest/propose imposing heavy taxes on private car owners and using the revenue to enhance public transportation systems.

'tackle' is more colloquial.
'suggest' could be used to describe public discourse.
'propose' could be used to describe formal laws or ordinances.

Firstly, more people would opt for public transportation ifas it becomes more comfortable, safe, and convenient.

This, in turn, would reduce the number of vehicles oin the road and their emissions, and in turn mitigatinge air pollution, global warming and other related environmental problems.

One of which is the financial burden it may place on those living in areas with limited access to public transportation and having to relyreliance on cars for long-distance commutes.

This is a tricky sentence!
Also try:
on those who rely on cars for long-distance commutes because of limited access to public transportation.

Taxing them heavily canould make them not be able to use carsit impossible to commute and impact their transportation needs.

Hefty taxation might also hinder their car usageability to use cars, negatively affecting their transportation needs.

Traffic congestion is a pressing issue in urban areas worldwide, leading to long travel times, air pollution, and an overall reducedtion in quality of life.

"and a lower/reduced quality of life overall" is also fine, and maybe even advisable.

To tackle/address this problem, some suggest/propose imposing heavy taxes on private car owners and using the revenue to enhance public transportation systems.

Both words are fine in both instances.

While this solution offers several benefits, it also presenthas some drawbacks.

If you want to say "presents," you can say "presents some issues" or something else to that effect. Drawbacks, however, are features of the solution, so they aren't really being "presented."

This, in turn, would reduce the number of vehicles on the road as well as carbond emissions, mitigating air pollution, global warming, and other related environmental problems.

"and" is okay, but I don't love how that flows there because there are so many things going on in that clause.
Most style guides of English advise the use of the Oxford comma, though if you are trying to adhere to one that doesn't, that's obviously totally fine.

Secondly, in economically disadvantaged or remote areas, many individuals cannot afford to useown private vehicles.

"take"? "drive"? I just don't like how "use" sounds there, as we don't usually use that verb with vehicles.

One of whichthese challenges is the financial burden it may place on those living in areas with limited access to public transportation and having to rely on cars for long-distance commutes.

You can also say "One challenge is...."
You can only say "one of which" if this were connected to the previous sentence with a comma.

Taxing them heavily can make them unot be able to usetravel by cars and impact their transportation needs.

You could also say "stop them from traveling by car" or something else to that effect. "Travel by car" here is another attempt to avoid the verb "use."
You may consider rephrasing slightly as "...by car, impacting their..." for clarity.

Hefty taxation might also hinder their car usage, negatively affecting their transportation needs.

Assuming this is meant to be a repeat of the previous sentence (just phrased differently), it's fine.
I am yet again a bit torn about the use of "use" here, but maybe it's a bit less offensive in the noun form. I would still consider alternate phrasing, though I can't think of a good one; maybe "hinder their ability to travel by car"?

People are less likely to buy or usdrive cars if they are heavily taxed.

However, it may pose a financially burden specific groups andfor certain groups and negatively impact the automotive industry negatively.

Mostly stylistic corrections herd based on "flow," so may be subjective.
I will however say that "specific" feels a bit off here. I think "certain" is a better fit for what you're trying to say.