heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 11, 2024

5
LangCorrect vs Lang-8

Hi,
(I'm) Hot Dog again!

I'm glad that my left knee hasn't gotten more painful this morning.

I was moved from Lang-8, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, less than one hour or so. However, there used to be no or only a couple of corrections for an English entry written by a Japanese person.
It was because there were many more members who were learning English than members who were learning Japanese.
However, since 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections for Japanese entries written by native English speakers.

On LangCorrect, I've gotten a lot of corrections by many native English speakers, and I need to make a lot of corrections for entries written in Japanese by non-native Japanese speakers in order to make the "ratio between making corrections and corrections made" more than 1.0.

I feel that I've become busier spending time on LangCorrect than Lang-8 for that reason.
I can't see any avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical members who made corrections for me.
It is more difficult for me to compare the corrections that other members made.
I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.
After making corrections, I can see the English version.
So I noticed that my interpretation of a somewhat weird Japanese sentence turned out to be wrong.
Even in such a case, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the whole corrections and do them again from the beginning.

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid giving up my hobby: to keep writing some tribal, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.
Thanks!


LangCorrect と Lang-8の比較

こんちは。
Hot Dog です。

今朝左膝の痛みは悪化してなかったので良かったです。

Lang-8から移ってきて、LangCorrectの方が数倍以上アクティブだとつくづく思いました。

かつての栄華を誇ったLang-8時代には、英語のネイティブが書いた日本語の投稿には、5個も10個も添削が入り、それもほとんどすぐに、つまり1時間以内に添削されていたものでした。しかし日本人が書いた英語の投稿には添削が全くつかないか、ついてもせいぜい1個か2個くらいが関の山でした。これの理由は、英語を学習しているメンバーの数が、日本語を学習しているメンバーよりも圧倒的に多いこと(多分10倍以上)に尽きたと思います。
しかしながら2019年にLang-8は新しいアカウントを作ることを禁止して、次第に「死に体」になっていったのですが、最終的には、英語学習者と日本語学習者の数の開きが相対的に少なくなったので、僕もたくさん添削をしてもらえるようになり、逆に英語話者が日本語を書いても1つか2つしか添削がつかなくなりました。あれはあれで、長年投稿を続ける熱心なメンバー同士の「排他的な」「小さな」「仲良し集団の」コミュニティーになっていてある意味で良かったのですが、いつかは閉鎖になる運命であることはわかっていました。

LangCorrectに来てみると、短時間で沢山添削してもらえるし、逆に日本語の添削を相当頑張らないと、「添削した数と添削された数の割合」が1をきってしまうので、添削しまくらないとなりません。

だから、LangCorrectの方が時間を沢山とられてしまいます。
またアバターがないので、以前に添削していただいた方なのか否かわかりにくいです。自分のログインネームも含めて非常にわかりにくい。
他のメンバーがした添削と比較してみるのが容易ではないので、不便です。
で、なぜかわからないけれども、最初に添削する時には、英語バージョンが提示されず、添削した後に英語バージョンが提示されるので、日本語がうまく書けてないのを添削するときに推定して添削したものが、意味を誤解している場合が多々あります。そんな場合に、添削を訂正することはできず、もしそれをするのなら添削を一旦すべて削除して1からやり直さなければなりません。

いずれにしても、LangCorrectのおかげで、私の趣味を続けることができます。私の趣味は、英語で、他愛のない、大事な事でもない、取るに足りない、ほとんどの場合が下らない日記を書くことです。

lang-8langcorrect
Corrections

Hi,
(I'm)

It's
Hot Dog again!

I'm glad that my left knee hasn't gotten more painful this morning.

I think a little more natural would be to say "thankfully, my left knee hasn't gotten any worse," but what I've suggested is a minimal edit that is correct.

We don't need "this morning" because we can assume you are speaking of "now" and "more" is relative to "before."

I was moved from Lang-8, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

"I was moved" implies someone put you on this site. Perhaps you do not manage your own account.
"I moved" seems to match the Japanese version, "Lang-8から移ってきて," and is more natural English.

On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, in less than one hour or so.

Without the "in", it's like you're saying "corrections were made to be less than an hour long. Corrections over an hour were discarded." Though the size of corrections isn't measured in time. :D

The "in" changes it to "within an hour," "一時間以内に".

However, there used to be no or only a couple of corrections for an English entry written by a Japanese person.

It was because there were many more members who were learning English than members who were learning Japanese.

However, since 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections foper Japanese entriesy written by native English speakers.

A few sentences back, you correctly used the indefinite article, "*an* English entry written by a Japanese person" which essentially works like saying "If there is an English entry written by a Japanese person..." and we generalize it to all such entries.

Here, there's an ambiguity. Consider this sentence: "In this school, there are only two teachers for eighty students." The grammatical pattern isn't a generalization, it's a statement that the number of teachers is two and the number of students is eighty. I think your original sentence maybe can be interpreted as a generalization or a count, but I think "per" disambiguates it.

On LangCorrect, I've gotten a lot of corrections by many native English speakers, and I need to make a lot of corrections for entries written in Japanese by non-native Japanese speakers in order to make the "ratio between making corrections and corrections made" more than 1.0.

I feel that I've become busier spending time on LangCorrect than Lang-8 for that reason.

I can't see any avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical members who made corrections for me.

It is also more difficult for me to compare the corrections that other members made.

I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.

I actually use two tabs, one with the original post (and native language text) and the other where I offer suggestions.

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid givingkeep up my hobby: to keep writing some tribal, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.

"avoid giving up" feels a little obfuscated, but it really just means "keep up" right? Plus, this seems to match the Japanese version better (私の趣味を続けることができます--Able to continue my hobby.).

Feedback

I think this is the first post by you I've corrected, so welcome to Langcorrect! Glad it sounds like you're enjoying it.

That ratio thing is rough, though. My last post had six people correcting numerous lines (I write above my level and tend to make long posts). I try to make suggestions to a few posts a day and I only write maybe once or twice a week, but I still only have just above a 0.7 ratio going. I think the best way to improve my ratio is I'll have to get so good at Japanese that there's nothing to correct. :D

baguette's avatar
baguette

March 11, 2024

0

Just so you and heatedcanine know, the required correction ratio is actually only 0.5, and even then it only matters when there's an uncorrected entry in your native language :)

heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 11, 2024

5

Thank you, splinterofchaos, for your corrections, explanations, and comments!
Thank you, baguette, for your feedback.

masemune's avatar
masemune

March 12, 2024

0

Just copying and pasting my previous comment here for visibility in case anyone else has the same question:

---
The system is very forgiving when it comes to ratios. I think the current minimum was 0.6 or the default of 0.5. Plus, if there are not uncorrected posts written in your native language(s) or if you're a premium user, then ratio checks are bypassed entirely.

You can see the code here:
https://github.com/LangCorrect/server/blob/a9f1c571c232eb64182e28e4593dfee807f17f88/langcorrect/posts/helpers.py#L20
---

Feel free to create an issue on GitHub or make a contribution to the code base if anyone has any better ideas on implementing ratio checks. We just need some kind of limit to prevent people from freely leeching (not making any corrections and only receiving them). After all, it's a give and take community! Exemptions are made for premium users because they keep the servers running for everyone!

heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 12, 2024

5

Thank you for the information.

LangCorrect vs Lang-8

Hi, (I'm) Hot Dog again!

I'm glad that my left knee haisn't gotten more painful this morning.

I was moved from Lang-8 to LangCorrect, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, less than one hour or so.

However, there used to be no or only a couple of corrections for an English entry written by a Japanese person.

You can also say "only a few".

It was because there were many more members who were learning English than members who were learning Japanese.

However, since 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections for Japanese entries written by native English speakers.

On LangCorrect, I've gotten a lot of corrections by many native English speakers, and I need to make a lot of corrections for entries written in Japanese by non-native Japanese speakers in order to make the "ratio between making corrections and corrections made" more than 1.0.

I feel that I've become busier spending time on LangCorrect than Lang-8 for that reason.

I can't see any avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical members who made corrections for me.

It is more difficult for me to compare the corrections that other members made.

I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.

After making corrections, I can see the English version.

So I noticed that my interpretation of a somewhat weird Japanese sentence turned out to be wrong.

Even in such a case, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the whole corrections and do them again from the beginning.

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid giving up my hobby: to keep writing some tribalthing that was for learning, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.

Thanks!

Feedback

I hope you continue this hobby, and that you enjoy it !

heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 11, 2024

5

Thanks, CherryatCherryavecCHERRY, for your corrections!

LangCorrect vs Lang-8

Hi,
(

I'm) Hot Dog again!

In English, the "I'm" cannot be left out of the sentence

I'm glad that my left knee hasn't gotten mworse painful this morning.

I was movedcame from Lang-8, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, in less than one hour or so.

I'm a little confused here, why are English speakers correcting Japanese entries? Shouldn't the native Japanese speakers correct the Japanese entries?

However, there used to be no or only a couple of corrections for an English entry written by a Japanese person.

It was because there were many more members who were learning English than members who were learning Japanese.

However, starting ince 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections for the Japanese entries written by native English speakers.

On LangCorrect, I've gotten a lot of corrections byfrom many native English speakers, and I need to make a lot of corrections for entries written in Japanese by non-native Japanese speakers in order to make the "ratio between making corrections and corrections made" more than 1.0.

I feel that I've become busier spending time on LangCorrect than Lang-8 for that reason.

I can't see any avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical members who made corrections for me, as they all look identical.

It is more difficult for me to compare the corrections that other members made.

I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.

After making corrections, I can see the English version.

So I noticed that my interpretation of a somewhat weird Japanese sentence turned out to be wrong.

Even in such a case, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the whole correctionsm all and do them again from the beginning.

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid giving up my hobby: to keep writing some tribvial, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.

trivial and not that important are basically the same thing, so you can take either one of those out of the sentence.

Thanks!

heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 12, 2024

5

>On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, in less than one hour or so.

>>I'm a little confused here, why are English speakers correcting Japanese entries? Shouldn't the native Japanese speakers correct the Japanese entries?

Okay:
On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections (made by Japanese speakers) for a Japanese entry that was written by a native English speaker.

heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 12, 2024

5

Thank you for your corrections and explanations!

shorter's avatar
shorter

March 13, 2024

0

Ah yes, I thought about it afterwards and got it haha. No prob!

I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.

To see the English version while you’re correcting the Japanese, click the “Post Overview” button near the top of your screen.

Even in such a casea situation like this, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the wholeall my corrections and do them again from the beginning.

Feedback

On LangCorrect, you know how you have to click the “Correct” button below the Japanese text before you can start correcting it? Well, after you have submitted your corrections, the text of the “Correct” button will change to “Corrected.” If you click that “Corrected” button, you should be able to edit your corrections.

kapnCrunch's avatar
kapnCrunch

March 11, 2024

2

Excuse me for jumping in. This is very useful information for me as a new LangCorrect user!
Now I know how to edit silly mistakes in my corrections. Thank you!

JoeTofu's avatar
JoeTofu

March 11, 2024

0

Yes, the ability to fix my silly correcting mistakes is one of my favorite LangCorrect features :-))

fae's avatar
fae

March 11, 2024

10

Oh I didn't know this either! Thanks for sharing!

JoeTofu's avatar
JoeTofu

March 11, 2024

0

No problem!
(^_^)v

heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 11, 2024

5

Thank you.
I'll try.

heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 11, 2024

5

Okay, I think I got it.
Thank you everyone for sharing "how to use LangCorrect more effectively, wisely, and smartly."

LangCorrect vs Lang-8

Hi, (I'm) Hot Dog again!

I'm glad that my injured left knee hasn't gotten mworse painful this morning.

I was moved from Lang-8, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, in less than one hour or so.

However, there used to be no or only a couple ofvery few corrections for an English entry written by a Japanese person.

It was because there were many more members who were learning English than members who were learning Japanese.

However, since 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections for Japanese entries written by native English speakers.

Or as they said trying to gaslight us "creating new accounts has been suspended" :-\

On LangCorrect, I've gotten a lot of corrections by many native English speakers, and I need to make a lot of corrections for entries written in Japanese by non-native Japanese speakers in order to make the "ratio between making corrections and corrections made" more than 1.0.

I feel that I've become busier spending time on LangCorrect than Lang-8 for that reason.

Yes. I have become very busy on LangCorrect as well.

I can't see any user avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical members who made corrections for me.

It is more difficult for me to compare the corrections that other members made.

I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.

Hot Dog-san, when you are correcting an entry, please press the Post Overview button (on the top right).
It will open up a small window with the text in Japanese (and in English, if the user wrote in English)

After making corrections, I can see the English version.

So I noticed that my interpretation of a somewhat weird Japanese sentence turned out to be wrong.

Hot Dog-san, just be sure to press the Post Overview button!

Even in such a case, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the whole corrections and do them again from the beginning.

Can we delete corrections here? Once I had a typo and it looked stupid, but I don't know how to delete and redo my corrections...

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid giving up my hobby: to keep writing some tribal, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.

Thanks!

Feedback

I gotta tell you that I enjoy very much your Hot Dog adventures!

kapnCrunch's avatar
kapnCrunch

March 11, 2024

2

Excuse me for jumping in. This is very useful information for me as a new LangCorrect user!
Now I know how to edit silly mistakes in my corrections. Thank you!

heatedcanine's avatar
heatedcanine

March 11, 2024

5

Thank you, kapnCrunch, for your corrections, comments, and feedback!

Sorry, I made a mistake that I thought I could delete the corrections afterward.

LangCorrect vs Lang-8


This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

It is more difficult for me to compare the corrections that other members made.


This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

It is also more difficult for me to compare the corrections that other members made.

I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.


I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.

Hot Dog-san, when you are correcting an entry, please press the Post Overview button (on the top right). It will open up a small window with the text in Japanese (and in English, if the user wrote in English)

I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.

To see the English version while you’re correcting the Japanese, click the “Post Overview” button near the top of your screen.

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

I don't know why but when I try to correct entries written in Japanese, I can't see the English version at first.

I actually use two tabs, one with the original post (and native language text) and the other where I offer suggestions.

After making corrections, I can see the English version.


This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

So I noticed that my interpretation of a somewhat weird Japanese sentence turned out to be wrong.


So I noticed that my interpretation of a somewhat weird Japanese sentence turned out to be wrong.

Hot Dog-san, just be sure to press the Post Overview button!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

Even in such a case, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the whole corrections and do them again from the beginning.


Even in such a case, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the whole corrections and do them again from the beginning.

Can we delete corrections here? Once I had a typo and it looked stupid, but I don't know how to delete and redo my corrections...

Even in such a casea situation like this, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the wholeall my corrections and do them again from the beginning.

Even in such a case, I can't correct my correction unless I delete the whole correctionsm all and do them again from the beginning.

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

Hi, (I'm) Hot Dog again!


This sentence has been marked as perfect!

Hi,
(

I'm) Hot Dog again!

In English, the "I'm" cannot be left out of the sentence

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

Hi,
(I'm)

It's
Hot Dog again!

I'm glad that my left knee hasn't gotten more painful this morning.


I'm glad that my injured left knee hasn't gotten mworse painful this morning.

I'm glad that my left knee hasn't gotten mworse painful this morning.

I'm glad that my left knee haisn't gotten more painful this morning.

I'm glad that my left knee hasn't gotten more painful this morning.

I think a little more natural would be to say "thankfully, my left knee hasn't gotten any worse," but what I've suggested is a minimal edit that is correct. We don't need "this morning" because we can assume you are speaking of "now" and "more" is relative to "before."

I was moved from Lang-8, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.


I was moved from Lang-8, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

I was movedcame from Lang-8, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

I was moved from Lang-8 to LangCorrect, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

I was moved from Lang-8, and noticed that LangCorrect was much more active than Lang-8.

"I was moved" implies someone put you on this site. Perhaps you do not manage your own account. "I moved" seems to match the Japanese version, "Lang-8から移ってきて," and is more natural English.

On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, less than one hour or so.


On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, in less than one hour or so.

On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, in less than one hour or so.

I'm a little confused here, why are English speakers correcting Japanese entries? Shouldn't the native Japanese speakers correct the Japanese entries?

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

On Lang-8, there used to be more than 5 or more corrections for a Japanese entry written by a native English speaker, and those corrections were made immediately, in less than one hour or so.

Without the "in", it's like you're saying "corrections were made to be less than an hour long. Corrections over an hour were discarded." Though the size of corrections isn't measured in time. :D The "in" changes it to "within an hour," "一時間以内に".

However, there used to be no or only a couple of corrections for an English entry written by a Japanese person.


However, there used to be no or only a couple ofvery few corrections for an English entry written by a Japanese person.

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

However, there used to be no or only a couple of corrections for an English entry written by a Japanese person.

You can also say "only a few".

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

It was because there were many more members who were learning English than members who were learning Japanese.


This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

It was because there were many more members who were learning English than members who were learning Japanese.

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

However, since 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections for Japanese entries written by native English speakers.


However, since 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections for Japanese entries written by native English speakers.

Or as they said trying to gaslight us "creating new accounts has been suspended" :-\

However, starting ince 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections for the Japanese entries written by native English speakers.

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

However, since 2019, creating new accounts was banned on Lang-8, and in the last few years, there were only one or two corrections foper Japanese entriesy written by native English speakers.

A few sentences back, you correctly used the indefinite article, "*an* English entry written by a Japanese person" which essentially works like saying "If there is an English entry written by a Japanese person..." and we generalize it to all such entries. Here, there's an ambiguity. Consider this sentence: "In this school, there are only two teachers for eighty students." The grammatical pattern isn't a generalization, it's a statement that the number of teachers is two and the number of students is eighty. I think your original sentence maybe can be interpreted as a generalization or a count, but I think "per" disambiguates it.

On LangCorrect, I've gotten a lot of corrections by many native English speakers, and I need to make a lot of corrections for entries written in Japanese by non-native Japanese speakers in order to make the "ratio between making corrections and corrections made" more than 1.0.


This sentence has been marked as perfect!

On LangCorrect, I've gotten a lot of corrections byfrom many native English speakers, and I need to make a lot of corrections for entries written in Japanese by non-native Japanese speakers in order to make the "ratio between making corrections and corrections made" more than 1.0.

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

I feel that I've become busier spending time on LangCorrect than Lang-8 for that reason.


I feel that I've become busier spending time on LangCorrect than Lang-8 for that reason.

Yes. I have become very busy on LangCorrect as well.

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

I can't see any avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical members who made corrections for me.


I can't see any user avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical members who made corrections for me.

I can't see any avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical members who made corrections for me, as they all look identical.

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid giving up my hobby: to keep writing some tribal, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.


This sentence has been marked as perfect!

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid giving up my hobby: to keep writing some tribvial, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.

trivial and not that important are basically the same thing, so you can take either one of those out of the sentence.

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid giving up my hobby: to keep writing some tribalthing that was for learning, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.

Anyway, thanks to LangCorrect, I'm able to avoid givingkeep up my hobby: to keep writing some tribal, not that important, and silly-most-of-the-time things.

"avoid giving up" feels a little obfuscated, but it really just means "keep up" right? Plus, this seems to match the Japanese version better (私の趣味を続けることができます--Able to continue my hobby.).

Thanks!


This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

This sentence has been marked as perfect!

On LangCorrect, I've gotten a lot of corrections by many native English speakers, and I need to make a lot of corrections for entries written in Japanese by non-native Japanese speakers in order to make the "ratio between making corrections and corrections made.


I feel I've become busier spending time on LangCorrect than Lang-8.


I can't see any avatars of members, so it seems more difficult to identify the identical member who made corrections for me.


You need LangCorrect Premium to access this feature.

Go Premium