Someone with a choleric personality is typically ambitious, active, self-reliant, honest, consistent, impatient, and is guided by common sense more than their heart.

Choleric doesn't like inactivity, tameimidness, fantasyizing and criticism.

HeThey wants to be the best students and then the best workers.

US alternative

HeThey feels that the isy are destined for great things and he likes to be a leaders.

HeThey hasve high self-esteem which generates egoism.

He isThey are prone to frequent outbursts of anger and saying nasty words even to those they loves.

In self-development they should focus on combating pride because it's pride which causeds all the bad tendencies.

A child with this temperament needs a strong authority, someone who orient hischannels their energy well, and teaches self-control and empathy.

Someone with a choleric personality is typically ambitious, active, self-reliant, honest, consistent, impatient, and is guided by common sense more than heart.

Those are so many adjectives that you could also break it up into two sentences to help flow and style. Then I'd write something like: "Someone with a choleric personality is typically ambitious, active, self-reliant, honest, consistent, and impatient. They're guided by common sense more than heart."

CThe choleric person doesn't like inactivity, tameness, fantasying and criticism.

choleric is an adjective, so you just need a subject for this sentence

Choleric isThey are usually brave and self-directed since childhood.

Same as above, but at this point you could do what you've done below which is switch to he/she/they.

I added usually because that specific seems like a generalization that wouldn't apply to all cases.

He wants to be the best student and then the best worker.

This works, but in the US some people would raise an eye at the automatic use of "he" instead of "they" or "she". This is by no means required, but good to consider. You can also get around this by giving specific people and then talking about them.

He has high self-esteem which generates egoism.

You might want a different word instead of generates, maybe "leads to".

He is prone to frequent outbursts of anger and saying nasty wordthings even to those he loves.

"words" technically works, but "things" sounds more natural

In self-development he should focus on combating pride because it's pride that caused all the bad tendencies.

A child with this temperament needs a strong authority, someone who can orient his energy well, and can teach self-control and empathy.

As long as you're referring to everything you've discussed at this point, you're talking about the temperament, not just the temper the kid has.