The listening section completely refutes the reading passage's assertion that it iswould be challenging for humans havingto take a trip to Mars.

First, the reading passage mentions that a round-way trip journey to Mars

You could say "round-trip trip," but it's repetitive, so I'd replace "trip" with a synonym like "journey."

would takes approximately 2 years, and there is nowould not be enough space to store human's essentials, like food, water and oxygen, for such a long time.

Use another comma to "hug" extra information in a sentence. In this case, a second comma tells me the list of essentials is extra information. I can check this by "reading around" the part enclosed in commas, like this: There would not be enough space to store human essentials (...) for such a long time.

The listening portion, however, argues that astronauts can grow plants in water, which requires smalllittle space thatfor plants canto produce crops which provide food for humans.

"... which provide food for humans" is okay, but it repeats "which" many times in the same sentence, so it's better to vary the structure if you can. It makes it a little easier for a reader to follow.

The plants would release the oxygen for people needed and they canould recycle waste water to release clean water that collect drinkcreate clean water for astronauts.

So, the people who make the trip to Mars are available tocould live over there.

Second, the reading suggests that the astronauts on the Mars arwould be in zero-gravity that, which is harmful for the human body, because it decreaseds muscle mass and lowers bone density, for example.

Instead, the listening part points out that astronauts have learned to use techniques to safely managinge zero-gravity.

They do exercises to prevent muscles mass from decreasing and eattake vitamins to slow down lowering bone density.

Third, the reading claims that a strip to Mars that the astronautonauts on a trip to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, so the spaceship should build a shield to protect them.

Yet, the shield would causmake the spaceship too heavy to make the trip to Mars.

You can also say, "... the shield would cause the spaceship to be too heavy ..." (cause + infinitive verb; make + adjective or verb)

Refuting this, the listening passage indicates that the space radiation is not inat dangerous levels all the time, it isonly occasionally.

Astronauts arwould be able to avoid this by equipping special instruments with a small shield which does not causewould not add too much weight.

They canould stay in the special small area shield areaed against radiation until the danger passes.

The listening section completely refutes the reading passage's assertion that it is challenging for humans having a tripto travel to Mars.

takes approximately 2 years, there is not enough space to store human's essentials, like food, water and oxygen for such a long time.

The listening portion, however, argues that astronauts can grow plants in water which requires small space that plants can produce crops which provide food for humans.

The plants release oxygen needed for people needed and they can recycle waste water to release clean water that collect drink water for astronauts to drink.

So, the people who tripavel to Mars are available tocould live over there.

Second, the reading suggests that the astronauts on the Mars are in zero-gravity that, which is harmful for the human body, decreaseding muscle mass and lowering bone density, for example.

Instead, the listening part points out that astronauts have learned to use techniques to safely managinge zero-gravity.

They do exercises to prevent muscles mass from decreasing and eat vitamins to slow down bone density reduction.

Third, the reading clams that during a trip to Mars that the astronauts would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, so the spaceship shouldmust build a shield to protect them.

should means optional in this case there is no option.

Yet, the shield would cause the spaceship to be too heavy to make the trip to Mars.

Refuting this, the listening passage indicates that the space radiation is not inat a dangerous level all the time, it isbut rather occasionally.

Astronauts are able to avoid this by equipping a special instrument with a small shield which does not cause too much weight.

They can stay in the special small shield area against radiation until dangeruntil dangerous radiation passes.