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ウイルスの分子構造をどうやって決定する？
人間はウイルスに感染するなら病気になるわけである。エイズ、ヘルペス、風邪といった病気は全部ウイルスによって引き起こされる。これを妨げるために、抗ウイルス剤が必要で、この薬を効率的に設計するにはウイルスの分子構造にまつわる情報が役立つ。
ならば、ウイルスの分子構造をどうやって決定するだろう？この１０ないしは２０年間というもの、特にクライオ電子顕微鏡に頼られている。
最初に、特定のウイルスを培養しなければならない。体外で細胞に感染させ、ウイルスの種類によって数時間から数日間まで待つことで、ウイルスが増幅して大量に増える。そしてウイルスのこもった細胞培養液を取って、ウイルスと細胞を分別することで、ウイルスの純度を増やすことができる。
純度・濃度の二律背反を解消することは非常に難しいが、両方が十分に高いなら、次の段階に進められる。クライオ電子顕微鏡に入れられるようウイルスを凍結しなくてはならない。その上に、氷が結晶化することのないように凍結過程の速度が重要である。それゆえ、液体窒素を使ってウイルスの温度を１秒あたりに１００万度減らす。その後、クライオ電子顕微鏡を使ってウイルスの分子構造を分析する。
March 26, 2021
March 26, 2021
March 26, 2021
Ma journée
Aujourd'hui, c'est la première fois que j'écris un petit texte en français après quatre ans. J'ai étudié le français il y a quatre ans et j'ai beaucoup aimé. J'ai fini par le laisser un peu en arrière..... Mais maintenant je suis de retour aux études et je suis animé !
Chaque vendredi je me réserve quelques heures pour étudier le français. J'avais peur de pratiquer, alors je lisais juste les journaux pour me tenir au courant de la langue. Aujourd'hui, j'ai décidé de participer au défi de 30 jours de Langcorrect et j'espère pouvoir écrire quelque chose en français chaque jour.
March 26, 2021
March 26, 2021
Schulgefühl
Ich weiß nicht, ob ich dies schreiben soll, mache ich aber trotzdem. Über das Wochenende bekommen wir Besuch von Freunden, die ein Ehepaar sind. Wir werden zusammen Essen, meine Frau wird Schmortopf kochen und ich bin deswegen einkaufen gegangen, um alle Zutaten zu besorgen.
Man kann jede Ausrede finden, um so ein Treffen rechtzufertigen. Ich werde nur dazu sagen, dass wir dringend unseren "Sozialeakku" aufladen müssen. Tja, was kann man sonst sagen?
March 26, 2021
March 26, 2021
Idag
Idag tog jag inga promenader. Jag hade ont i ben och ville att de vilar lite. Jag märkte att min mentala hälsa beror på min fysiska hälsa. Jag mådde inte så bra idag, lite deprimerad och jag vet inte varför.
I helgen ska jag delta i en konstevenemang. Det varar hela helgen, från lördag klockan 1 till söndag klockan 1.
Idag borde jag ha gjort meal prep för helgen men jag helt glömde det... istället ska jag vakna tidigt i morgon och åka till Willys för att handla mat. Jag kommer att baka choklad muffins för ge mig energi för att rita.
Jag ska också försöka ta promenader av en timme på de två dagarna. Det kommer att bli svårt, det är en sant utmaning men jag gillar det.
March 26, 2021
Le parole interrogative, parte uno
Istruzioni: Scrivi quattro domande per ogni cosa elencata.
1. il gelato
a. Quand'e il tempo giusto da mangiare il gelato?
b. Quale gusto di gelato è il tuo preferito?
c. Perché mangi il gelato nell'inverno?
d. Il gelato più gustoso di tutto è sicuramente il cioccolato, vero?
2. il succo di frutta
a. Quando bevi il succo di frutta più spesso nella giornata?
b. Quale succo di frutta abbina bene con queste paste?
c. Perché preferisci il succo di frutta invece del caffè?
d. Il succo di arancia è più dolce di quello di pompelmo, non è vero?
3. il formaggio
a. Quando mangi il formaggio, bevi anche il vino?
b. Quale tipo di formaggio è più addato ai panini di prosciutto?
c. Perché usi questo formaggio in quella ricetta dolce?
d. Non si mangia mai formaggio con il pesce, giusto?
March 26, 2021
March 26, 2021
Des Expressions Idiomatiques
Selon moi, il serait mieux attendre faire une décision - la nuit porte conseil.
À mes yeux, c'est clair comme le jour. Il est le coupable.
Quand ils ont découvert qu'ils avaient tort, ils sont restés le bec dans l'eau.
Elle veut devenir chanteuse - elle a la folie des grandeurs.
March 26, 2021
どうでもよくなる日
今日はなんとなくどうでも良くなる日になってしまった。なぜそうなったか投稿を読んでみればわかるのだろう。
ご注意：投稿が長いぞ。
朝、自転車で通勤して10時から11時半まで会議があって会議が終わってから少しのんびりしたらお昼になったので行けつけなお店でお昼ご飯を食べに行った。お昼食べて本を読もうかなと思ったが、そううまくいかなかった。
いつもケバブラップとフムスを頼んでいるので店長にいつものものお願いしますといったらフムス少し時間かかるよと言われてべついいんじゃないかなと思った。ケバブラップがすぐ出てフムスを待ちず食べた。とりあえず待ちながらドラマとかアニメをみようと思ったら30分が経ってておかしいなと思ったが結局声をかけなかった。休憩がそろそろ終わりそうになったのでもういやと思ってお会計を払って会社に戻ろうと。
店長にフムスのことを言い出したらフムス頼んでないという認識をしてしまったようで、ただでお持ち帰りでフムスくれて、いつもどうもね、また来てくださいねと言われた。ありがたいという気持ちだったが、また来てくださいねと言われると少し違和感を感じた。今はコロナ禍だからお客さんが少ないのがわかるが、「店長そんなに心配しなくていい」と言えずに思った。何回もこのお店位に来ているからまた来るのが決まったでしょと思った。もう少し常連さんの俺に信じてほしいなと思った。
会社に戻って読みたかった本を読めずに仕事に戻って16時まで作業をして5月末から私が責任者になる学童の内装の会議をした。思ったより本社で話を進んだので、学童になるところに社長の車で行って図面をみながら話をした。18時の定時に絶対に仕事が終わると思ったところで、学童の設立の担当者を交えていた。何回も会議の流れや内容をまとめようとして別の日に決定事項できてから会議を開こうとしたら話が道を迷う人のように止まってた。結局19時半に仕事が終わってしまった。なんとか次の会議の日程と内容が決まった。
もともと社長と本社に戻る予定だったが、話が長引いてしまったから社長が先に本社に帰った。そのおかげで本社を徒歩で戻ってしまうことになった。フムスを待っていたり、話がスムーズに進まなかったり、徒歩で本社に戻って自転車を取りに行ったりしたから余計に時間が取られてしまった。今日は時間の費やしが予定通りにいかなかったからもういやと思って今日はどうでもいいんだ。何よりも時間が私にとって大事。私の命より大事。大事な時間が取られてしまうとなんでもどうでもよくなる。
私の考え方を納得できるかどうかわからないが、この投稿を読んでくれたあなたはなぜか今日は私にとってどうでもよくなる日になったのか伝わったのでしょうか。
以上
それではまた明日、諸君
March 26, 2021
March 26, 2021
La perpetuelle géopolitique de la Russie
Pendant un demi-millénaire, la politique extérieure russe a été caracterisée par des croissantes ambitions qui ont excédées la capacité du pays. À partir du règne d'Ivan le terrible au XVIe siècle, la Russie a réussi à se développer à un rythme moyen de 50 miles carrés par jour pendant des centaines d'années, finalement couvrant un sixième de la masse continentale de la terre.
Vers 1900, elle était le quatrième - ou le cinquième - le plus grande puissance industrielle et le plus grande producteur agricole en Europe.Mais son PIB par habitante n'atteint que 20% de celui du Royaume-Uni et 40% de celui d'Allemagne. La durée de vie moyenne à la naissance en la Russie Imperiale était de 30 ans - plus élevé que celui de l'Inde britannique (23), mais identique à celui de la Chine de Qing et bien en dessous du Royaume-Uni de (52), le Japon (51) et l'Allemagne.
L'alphabétizacion russe au début du XXe siècle restée inférieure à 33 pour cent - inférieure à celui du Royaume-Uni au XVIII siècle. Ces comparations sont bien conuus par la classe politique russe, parce que ses membres ont voyagés à l'Europe fréquemment et ont mesuré leur pays contre les dirigeants du monde (ce qui est vrai aujourd'hui aussi).
March 26, 2021
Korossol On The Road 3
Hello again!
This time, I will try to write a short story. It's not for publishing, I swear! And I’m not using you as beta-readers, it’s because I love stories : to read them, to tell them and clearly to write them. I will use them here as my favourite communication tool and try to improve my English storytelling. Thanks again for helping!
"So she was a witch. A witch. Of all the things…!
She swallowed a laugh, or maybe a sob. She couldn’t begin; she didn’t know if she would ever stop. Still, it wasn’t as much a surprise as it should have been. There have been… incidents. A lot of them.
She had asked her mother about… heritage and weird things and got a rant about puberty. None of her others overtures gave better results. She asked a father too. Nothing. Either they knew nothing or they were better liars than she always thought.
Maybe she always was a witch. Family stories said that she always found interesting things in the grass : toys, insects, money sometimes… but what child hadn’t do the same? She never lost herself, always finding the path home. Again, not extraordinary. Ans then there was the incident where a boy chased her off the sandbox and dig a scolopendre five minutes later. (Poor kid. She still feels guilty about it.)
But isn’t it always the same with familiy’s stories? All little incident that occurs to a kid, to be told again and again at parties, diners and anniversaries. Whan it’s about a kid, funny happenstances doesn’t translate in ‘weird occurrences’. Kids do strange things.
She herself only realized when she was eight."
March 26, 2021
有钱能使鬼推磨
地狱到了一个新来的瘦鬼，他很想变胖。有一天他碰到一个胖鬼，他羡慕极了。他问胖鬼变成胖方法。胖鬼说：“你去人间找人们一些麻烦。他们一害怕，就给你好吃的”。听了胖鬼的话，瘦鬼马上去人间。他根本没有调查人们家庭情况，就立刻进了一个房子。他看见房子里边有一个磨，二话不说就推了起来。房子主人一听到外边有动静，就出来看，发现屋子里没有人，磨就自动了。他没有害怕，反而还哭着说：“连老天可怜我，让鬼来帮我推磨。”听了主人的话，瘦鬼还以为他会给它很多好吃的。结果瘦鬼推了半天磨，累要死了，但是什么都没得到。因为他选的家特别穷，自己都缺衣少食，根本没有多余的东西给鬼。瘦鬼本来想用吓唬人方法得到好处，没想到反而帮了人。
March 26, 2021
I Can't Bear It Anymore (pt.2)
It is already the second day in a row that my roommates told me that they want to boycott foreign clothing and only support national products. This article is a follow-up to the Xinjiang Cotton. Besides being disgusted that the press is not free, I'm also sick of the damn boycott. I hate this top-down call to boycott products. I'm a Gen-Z, and I've experienced countless boycotts in China when I grow up. I am no longer willing to support the boycott as mindlessly as I used to. My first memory of boycotting was safeguarding the Diaoyu Islands, and that was the only time I ever saw a street march in China. After that, people take it as a "good" example of the "freedom to march". Then there was a boycott of Korean products. Korean music was taken down from all Chinese music apps, and Korean stores were closed, including Korean BBQ restaurants. I don't know when the ban was lifted again. Then the boycott of Japanese goods. Even some people went to smash Japanese brand cars. The most recent one was the boycott of the NBA because of the Rockets' pro-HK comments. This year the ban of the NBA was removed. I used to think that following the officials represented justice, but now I don't want to be a puppet. Many of the production lines of the boycotted products are in China, and boycotting these products is in a sense destroying our own jobs. It's a meaningless protest.
This time, already many stars have taken a stand to lift their endorsements. But there is no clear official statement to boycott those foreign clothes. I believe they dare not. For example, many national team athletes are sponsored by Nike, Adidas, etc. A full boycott of these foreign apparel would also be tantamount to a kind of shutdown. I watched the CCTV News on the bus today and it kept playing the stunt that H&M is "Huang Miu (ridiculous)". What's really ridiculous? This morning a review of Chinese Cotton was 404'd. What sensitive words were involved in this article? No, simply a combination of multiple articles analyzing the cotton situation in Xinjiang. Thousands of articles have been removed for inexplicable reasons. Where there have been no cases of outbreaks for months yet masks are mandatory on public transportation. Universities are still lockdown, with only one door open after 7pm. The door closest to the dorm was closed. Going back to school tonight was the 3rd time I've jumped off a fence at one person's height. I guess that's what's really ridiculous.
March 26, 2021
Caro administrador do langcorrect
Caro administrador, seu programa é ótimo! Mas há sempre quase 300 posts para mim que não foram corrigidos ainda... Então eu quero corrigir aqueles que são os mais velhos, que eu posso mudar nas configuracoes, eu sei. Mas cada vez que eu terminar uma correção, os últimos posts são os primeiros...
March 26, 2021
O meu inventário de musicas de Capoeira (parte 1)
Ouço músicas de capoeira desde 1992 -
Não porque a considere uma música de fundo particularmente harmoniosa para a minha vida aqui na Alemanha,
mas porque evocam memórias da energia dos eventos da capoeira,
que eu visitei.
Mas o que sempre me incomoda, e especialmente desde que eu treino regularmente,
é que eu não consigo identificar todas as músicas igualmente, muito menos cantar junto.
O refrão ainda é possível, mas nem sempre entendi... Porque a pronúncia nem sempre é clara e o barulho em tais eventos é grande.
Além disso, nas canções são palavras de várias línguas africanas, palavras antigas do tempo da escravidão e,
se são canções mais modernas, mesmo palavras dos eventos atuais no mundo.
Na semana passada eu encontrei a primeira música que contém "Zoom" no texto, e aqui realmente significa o provedor de reunião, não uma palavra floréia como "La La" e "Êeeeee".
Eu achei isso muito revelador e eu não estou surpreso que eu não consigo entender todos os textos de 400 anos, mas eu sou assim:
QUERO entender todos eles. Eu amo os detalhes...
March 26, 2021
March 26, 2021
Thinking before buy something
Recently, I have been trying to buy essential things not for wasting my money.
If I want to buy something, I always think about this principle.
Do I need it caused by needs or uncomfortable ?
If it is decided as an essential one, I will buy it whether it is expensive or not.
However, if I am uncomfortable without it, then I am waiting more than 100 days to think about it.
If I will still think about it 100 days later, then I am going to buy it finally.
By this principle, I can save not only my money but also my space at home.
March 26, 2021
Shogunzuka
Shogunzuka is a small mountain which places the center of Kyoto city, and it's famous for the night view. According to history, the emperor had people buried a cray figure having armor, a helmet, and weapons there in order to protect Kyoto. (Kyoto was the capital city at that time.) There is a myth that this mountain vibrated when significant things happened in Japan.
March 26, 2021
Meaning of my name
Mi username is my real name. What do you mean I have to explain my real name? alright, then. So I'm gonna give 2 versions of this: 1 why is my name Miguel. And 2, the meaning of the name Miguel.
1 Why my name is Miguel: So I was named Miguel as a way to remember one of my mom's uncle who died shortly before the day I was born. So asking my mom about him, she would tell me that he was a very quiet man, very reserved, but once he wasn't quiet he was the funniest chap in the room. And I think that it represents me very well (the first half that is) I am also very quiet and reserved.
2 The meaning of my name: According to the internet, my name means "He who is like god", meaning the archangel saint Michael the "protector of the church". Anyways, I'm not a religious guy, but i't cool seeing my name has such an important meaning.
March 26, 2021
Making Sentences Using New Vocabulary
Undergraduate:
This is my first undergraduate year at the University of São Carlos. I'm so excited to learn more about Computer Science!
Percolation:
Today I've learned that the percolation process is more complex than I thought. Fluids don't just pass through objects magically.
March 26, 2021
Random thoughts of a mindless person - ep.1
I don't have the wit to write something funny or truly compelling. I don't even have the vocabulary to do it, to simply reflect my mindset, and express my complex mental state. The thoughts are overwhelming, changing, disturbing. They always accompany me, preventing me from concentrating on what really matters, on the moment. They decide. They make the rules. I shall just abide, like a puppet not in charge of its own life. Like a mindless spirit, a robot who has been programmed - quite badly - to obey a dysfunctional control centre.
Sometimes, the puppet awakens and seems to have regained an autonomy, thoughts of its own. It's free, happy, reckless. It feels like the world is at its feet, as it is ready to paint the town red. Reckless, because now it's free, it is not ready to abide by anyone else's rules.
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