I woke up a blit more than 4tle past four this morning, and could not fall asleep again.

I wanted to use this time to write down what I learned yesterday afternoon.

The teacher who taught us is calledWe were taught by Tan Yongxiang, and he is a professor working at Yangzhou Vocational University.

I don’t think it is necessary to say a “teacher who taught us” since it is common knowledge that teachers teach people.
You could also easily combine this sentence with the previous one by saying,
“I wanted to use this time to write down what I learned yesterday afternoon from a professor working at Yangzhou Vocational University named Tan Yonxiang.”

He has taught thea course for new types of professional farmers for many years, and is very famous in farmers' training fields.

The lesson content is very plentifulcontent of the lesson was very insightful and copious.

I wouldn’t use plentiful in this context; I feel that it is often used in describing abundance in things like food or riches.

It takes aook the whole afternoon.

I can’t tell the contents in full detail, but I can make a generally make a conclusion.

The lesson iwas practical, interesting and very interactive.

CMy classmates awere all careful.

Even though it’s grammatically correct, I wouldn’t use “careful” by itself in this context, since it implies there was some sort of danger or risk involved with the lesson. You could instead say “careful to pay attention”, or “my classmates were concentrating a lot”